451 lines
14 KiB
Markdown
451 lines
14 KiB
Markdown
# Cosmo 数据库表结构设计
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## 数据库信息
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- **数据库类型**: PostgreSQL 15+
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- **数据库名称**: cosmo_db
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- **字符集**: UTF8
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---
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## 表结构
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### 1. celestial_bodies - 天体基本信息表
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存储所有天体的基本信息和元数据。
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```sql
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CREATE TABLE celestial_bodies (
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id VARCHAR(50) PRIMARY KEY, -- JPL Horizons ID 或自定义ID
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name VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL, -- 英文名称
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name_zh VARCHAR(200), -- 中文名称
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type VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL, -- 天体类型: star, planet, moon, probe, comet, asteroid, etc.
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description TEXT, -- 描述
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metadata JSONB, -- 扩展元数据（launch_date, status, mass, radius等）
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is_active bool, -- 天体有效状态
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created_at TIMESTAMP DEFAULT NOW(),
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updated_at TIMESTAMP DEFAULT NOW()
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CONSTRAINT chk_type CHECK (type IN ('star', 'planet', 'moon', 'probe', 'comet', 'asteroid', 'dwarf_planet', 'satellite'))
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);
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-- 索引
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CREATE INDEX idx_celestial_bodies_type ON celestial_bodies(type);
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CREATE INDEX idx_celestial_bodies_name ON celestial_bodies(name);
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-- 注释
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COMMENT ON TABLE celestial_bodies IS '天体基本信息表';
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COMMENT ON COLUMN celestial_bodies.id IS 'JPL Horizons ID（如-31代表Voyager 1）或自定义ID';
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COMMENT ON COLUMN celestial_bodies.type IS '天体类型：star(恒星), planet(行星), moon(卫星), probe(探测器), comet(彗星), asteroid(小行星)';
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COMMENT ON COLUMN celestial_bodies.metadata IS 'JSON格式的扩展元数据，例如：{"launch_date": "1977-09-05", "status": "active", "mass": 722, "radius": 2575}';
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```
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**metadata JSONB字段示例**:
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```json
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{
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"launch_date": "1977-09-05",
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"status": "active",
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"mass": 722, // kg
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"radius": 2575, // km
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"orbit_period": 365.25, // days
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"rotation_period": 24, // hours
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"discovery_date": "1930-02-18",
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"discoverer": "Clyde Tombaugh"
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}
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```
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---
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### 2. positions - 位置历史表（时间序列）
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存储天体的位置历史数据，支持历史查询和轨迹回放。
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```sql
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CREATE TABLE positions (
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id BIGSERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
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body_id VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL REFERENCES celestial_bodies(id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
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time TIMESTAMP NOT NULL, -- 位置时间点
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x DOUBLE PRECISION NOT NULL, -- X坐标（AU，日心坐标系）
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y DOUBLE PRECISION NOT NULL, -- Y坐标（AU）
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z DOUBLE PRECISION NOT NULL, -- Z坐标（AU）
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vx DOUBLE PRECISION, -- X方向速度（可选）
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vy DOUBLE PRECISION, -- Y方向速度（可选）
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vz DOUBLE PRECISION, -- Z方向速度（可选）
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source VARCHAR(50) DEFAULT 'nasa_horizons', -- 数据来源
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created_at TIMESTAMP DEFAULT NOW(),
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CONSTRAINT chk_source CHECK (source IN ('nasa_horizons', 'calculated', 'user_defined', 'imported'))
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);
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-- 索引（非常重要，用于高效查询）
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CREATE INDEX idx_positions_body_time ON positions(body_id, time DESC);
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CREATE INDEX idx_positions_time ON positions(time);
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CREATE INDEX idx_positions_body_id ON positions(body_id);
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-- 注释
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COMMENT ON TABLE positions IS '天体位置历史表（时间序列数据）';
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COMMENT ON COLUMN positions.body_id IS '关联celestial_bodies表的天体ID';
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COMMENT ON COLUMN positions.time IS '该位置的观测/计算时间（UTC）';
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COMMENT ON COLUMN positions.x IS 'X坐标，单位AU（天文单位），日心坐标系';
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COMMENT ON COLUMN positions.source IS '数据来源：nasa_horizons(NASA API), calculated(计算), user_defined(用户定义), imported(导入)';
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```
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**使用场景**:
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- 查询某天体在某时间点的位置
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- 查询某天体在时间范围内的轨迹
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- 支持时间旅行功能（回放历史位置）
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---
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### 3. resources - 资源文件管理表
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统一管理纹理、3D模型、图标等静态资源。
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```sql
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CREATE TABLE resources (
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id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
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body_id VARCHAR(50) REFERENCES celestial_bodies(id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
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resource_type VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL, -- 资源类型
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file_path VARCHAR(500) NOT NULL, -- 相对于upload目录的路径
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file_size INTEGER, -- 文件大小（bytes）
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mime_type VARCHAR(100), -- MIME类型
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metadata JSONB, -- 扩展信息（分辨率、格式等）
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created_at TIMESTAMP DEFAULT NOW(),
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updated_at TIMESTAMP DEFAULT NOW(),
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CONSTRAINT chk_resource_type CHECK (resource_type IN ('texture', 'model', 'icon', 'thumbnail', 'data'))
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);
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-- 索引
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CREATE INDEX idx_resources_body_id ON resources(body_id);
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CREATE INDEX idx_resources_type ON resources(resource_type);
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-- 注释
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COMMENT ON TABLE resources IS '资源文件管理表（纹理、模型、图标等）';
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COMMENT ON COLUMN resources.resource_type IS '资源类型：texture(纹理), model(3D模型), icon(图标), thumbnail(缩略图), data(数据文件)';
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COMMENT ON COLUMN resources.file_path IS '相对路径，例如：textures/planets/earth_2k.jpg';
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COMMENT ON COLUMN resources.metadata IS 'JSON格式元数据，例如：{"width": 2048, "height": 1024, "format": "jpg"}';
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```
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**metadata JSONB字段示例**:
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```json
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{
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"width": 2048,
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"height": 1024,
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"format": "jpg",
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"color_space": "sRGB",
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"model_format": "glb",
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"polygon_count": 15000
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}
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```
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---
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### 4. static_data - 静态数据表
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存储星座、星系、恒星等不需要动态计算的静态天文数据。
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```sql
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CREATE TABLE static_data (
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id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
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category VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL, -- 数据分类
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name VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL, -- 名称
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name_zh VARCHAR(200), -- 中文名称
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data JSONB NOT NULL, -- 完整数据（JSON格式）
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created_at TIMESTAMP DEFAULT NOW(),
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updated_at TIMESTAMP DEFAULT NOW(),
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CONSTRAINT chk_category CHECK (category IN ('constellation', 'galaxy', 'star', 'nebula', 'cluster')),
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CONSTRAINT uq_category_name UNIQUE (category, name)
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);
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-- 索引
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CREATE INDEX idx_static_data_category ON static_data(category);
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CREATE INDEX idx_static_data_name ON static_data(name);
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CREATE INDEX idx_static_data_data ON static_data USING GIN(data); -- JSONB索引
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-- 注释
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COMMENT ON TABLE static_data IS '静态天文数据表（星座、星系、恒星等）';
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COMMENT ON COLUMN static_data.category IS '数据分类：constellation(星座), galaxy(星系), star(恒星), nebula(星云), cluster(星团)';
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COMMENT ON COLUMN static_data.data IS 'JSON格式的完整数据，结构根据category不同而不同';
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```
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**data JSONB字段示例**:
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**星座数据**:
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```json
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{
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"stars": [
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{"name": "Betelgeuse", "ra": 88.79, "dec": 7.41},
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{"name": "Rigel", "ra": 78.63, "dec": -8.20}
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],
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"lines": [[0, 1], [1, 2]],
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"mythology": "猎户座的神话故事..."
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}
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```
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**星系数据**:
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```json
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{
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"type": "spiral",
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"distance_mly": 2.537,
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"ra": 10.68,
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"dec": 41.27,
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"magnitude": 3.44,
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"diameter_kly": 220,
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"color": "#88aaff"
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}
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```
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---
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### 5. nasa_cache - NASA API缓存表
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持久化NASA Horizons API的响应结果，减少API调用。
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```sql
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CREATE TABLE nasa_cache (
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cache_key VARCHAR(500) PRIMARY KEY, -- 缓存键（body_id:start:end:step）
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body_id VARCHAR(50),
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start_time TIMESTAMP, -- 查询起始时间
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end_time TIMESTAMP, -- 查询结束时间
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step VARCHAR(10), -- 时间步长（如'1d'）
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data JSONB NOT NULL, -- 完整的API响应数据
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expires_at TIMESTAMP NOT NULL, -- 过期时间
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created_at TIMESTAMP DEFAULT NOW(),
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CONSTRAINT chk_time_range CHECK (end_time >= start_time)
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);
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-- 索引
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CREATE INDEX idx_nasa_cache_body_id ON nasa_cache(body_id);
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CREATE INDEX idx_nasa_cache_expires ON nasa_cache(expires_at);
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CREATE INDEX idx_nasa_cache_time_range ON nasa_cache(body_id, start_time, end_time);
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-- 自动清理过期缓存（可选，需要pg_cron扩展）
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-- SELECT cron.schedule('clean_expired_cache', '0 0 * * *', 'DELETE FROM nasa_cache WHERE expires_at < NOW()');
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-- 注释
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COMMENT ON TABLE nasa_cache IS 'NASA Horizons API响应缓存表';
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COMMENT ON COLUMN nasa_cache.cache_key IS '缓存键格式：{body_id}:{start}:{end}:{step}，例如：-31:2025-11-27:2025-11-28:1d';
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COMMENT ON COLUMN nasa_cache.data IS 'NASA API的完整JSON响应';
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COMMENT ON COLUMN nasa_cache.expires_at IS '缓存过期时间，过期后自动失效';
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```
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---
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## 初始化脚本
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### 创建数据库
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```sql
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-- 连接到PostgreSQL
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psql -U postgres
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-- 创建数据库
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CREATE DATABASE cosmo_db
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WITH
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ENCODING = 'UTF8'
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LC_COLLATE = 'en_US.UTF-8'
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LC_CTYPE = 'en_US.UTF-8'
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TEMPLATE = template0;
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-- 连接到新数据库
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\c cosmo_db
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-- 创建必要的扩展（可选）
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CREATE EXTENSION IF NOT EXISTS "uuid-ossp"; -- UUID生成
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CREATE EXTENSION IF NOT EXISTS "pg_trgm"; -- 模糊搜索
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```
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### 完整建表脚本
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```sql
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-- 按依赖顺序创建表
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-- 1. 天体基本信息表
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CREATE TABLE celestial_bodies (
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id VARCHAR(50) PRIMARY KEY,
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name VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL,
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name_zh VARCHAR(200),
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type VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,
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description TEXT,
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metadata JSONB,
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created_at TIMESTAMP DEFAULT NOW(),
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updated_at TIMESTAMP DEFAULT NOW(),
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CONSTRAINT chk_type CHECK (type IN ('star', 'planet', 'moon', 'probe', 'comet', 'asteroid', 'dwarf_planet', 'satellite'))
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);
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CREATE INDEX idx_celestial_bodies_type ON celestial_bodies(type);
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CREATE INDEX idx_celestial_bodies_name ON celestial_bodies(name);
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-- 2. 位置历史表
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CREATE TABLE positions (
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id BIGSERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
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body_id VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL REFERENCES celestial_bodies(id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
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time TIMESTAMP NOT NULL,
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x DOUBLE PRECISION NOT NULL,
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y DOUBLE PRECISION NOT NULL,
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z DOUBLE PRECISION NOT NULL,
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vx DOUBLE PRECISION,
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vy DOUBLE PRECISION,
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vz DOUBLE PRECISION,
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source VARCHAR(50) DEFAULT 'nasa_horizons',
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created_at TIMESTAMP DEFAULT NOW(),
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CONSTRAINT chk_source CHECK (source IN ('nasa_horizons', 'calculated', 'user_defined', 'imported'))
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);
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CREATE INDEX idx_positions_body_time ON positions(body_id, time DESC);
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CREATE INDEX idx_positions_time ON positions(time);
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CREATE INDEX idx_positions_body_id ON positions(body_id);
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-- 3. 资源管理表
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CREATE TABLE resources (
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id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
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body_id VARCHAR(50) REFERENCES celestial_bodies(id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
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resource_type VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,
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file_path VARCHAR(500) NOT NULL,
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file_size INTEGER,
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mime_type VARCHAR(100),
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metadata JSONB,
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created_at TIMESTAMP DEFAULT NOW(),
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updated_at TIMESTAMP DEFAULT NOW(),
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CONSTRAINT chk_resource_type CHECK (resource_type IN ('texture', 'model', 'icon', 'thumbnail', 'data'))
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);
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CREATE INDEX idx_resources_body_id ON resources(body_id);
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CREATE INDEX idx_resources_type ON resources(resource_type);
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-- 4. 静态数据表
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CREATE TABLE static_data (
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id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
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category VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,
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name VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL,
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name_zh VARCHAR(200),
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data JSONB NOT NULL,
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created_at TIMESTAMP DEFAULT NOW(),
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updated_at TIMESTAMP DEFAULT NOW(),
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CONSTRAINT chk_category CHECK (category IN ('constellation', 'galaxy', 'star', 'nebula', 'cluster')),
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CONSTRAINT uq_category_name UNIQUE (category, name)
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);
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CREATE INDEX idx_static_data_category ON static_data(category);
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CREATE INDEX idx_static_data_name ON static_data(name);
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CREATE INDEX idx_static_data_data ON static_data USING GIN(data);
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-- 5. NASA缓存表
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CREATE TABLE nasa_cache (
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cache_key VARCHAR(500) PRIMARY KEY,
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body_id VARCHAR(50),
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start_time TIMESTAMP,
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end_time TIMESTAMP,
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step VARCHAR(10),
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data JSONB NOT NULL,
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expires_at TIMESTAMP NOT NULL,
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created_at TIMESTAMP DEFAULT NOW(),
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CONSTRAINT chk_time_range CHECK (end_time >= start_time)
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);
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CREATE INDEX idx_nasa_cache_body_id ON nasa_cache(body_id);
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CREATE INDEX idx_nasa_cache_expires ON nasa_cache(expires_at);
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CREATE INDEX idx_nasa_cache_time_range ON nasa_cache(body_id, start_time, end_time);
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```
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---
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## 数据关系图
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```
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celestial_bodies (天体)
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├── positions (1:N) - 天体位置历史
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├── resources (1:N) - 天体资源文件
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└── nasa_cache (1:N) - NASA API缓存
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static_data (静态数据) - 独立表，不关联celestial_bodies
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```
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---
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## 查询示例
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### 查询某天体的最新位置
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```sql
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SELECT b.name, b.name_zh, p.x, p.y, p.z, p.time
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FROM celestial_bodies b
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LEFT JOIN LATERAL (
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SELECT * FROM positions
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WHERE body_id = b.id
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ORDER BY time DESC
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LIMIT 1
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) p ON true
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WHERE b.id = '-31';
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```
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### 查询某天体在时间范围内的轨迹
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```sql
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SELECT time, x, y, z
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FROM positions
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WHERE body_id = '-31'
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AND time BETWEEN '2025-01-01' AND '2025-12-31'
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ORDER BY time;
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```
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### 查询所有带纹理的行星
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```sql
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SELECT b.name, r.file_path
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FROM celestial_bodies b
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INNER JOIN resources r ON b.id = r.body_id
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WHERE b.type = 'planet' AND r.resource_type = 'texture';
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```
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### 查询所有活跃的探测器
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```sql
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SELECT id, name, name_zh, metadata->>'status' as status
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FROM celestial_bodies
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WHERE type = 'probe'
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AND metadata->>'status' = 'active';
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```
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---
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## 维护建议
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1. **定期清理过期缓存**:
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```sql
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DELETE FROM nasa_cache WHERE expires_at < NOW();
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```
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2. **分析表性能**:
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```sql
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ANALYZE celestial_bodies;
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ANALYZE positions;
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ANALYZE nasa_cache;
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```
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3. **重建索引（如果性能下降）**:
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```sql
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REINDEX TABLE positions;
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```
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4. **备份数据库**:
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```bash
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pg_dump -U postgres cosmo_db > backup_$(date +%Y%m%d).sql
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```
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---
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## 扩展建议
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### 未来可能需要的表
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1. **users** - 用户表（如果需要用户系统）
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2. **user_favorites** - 用户收藏（收藏的天体）
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3. **observation_logs** - 观测日志（用户记录）
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4. **simulation_configs** - 模拟配置（用户自定义场景）
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### 性能优化扩展
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1. **TimescaleDB** - 时间序列优化
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```sql
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CREATE EXTENSION IF NOT EXISTS timescaledb;
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SELECT create_hypertable('positions', 'time');
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```
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2. **PostGIS** - 空间数据扩展
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```sql
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CREATE EXTENSION IF NOT EXISTS postgis;
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ALTER TABLE positions ADD COLUMN geom geometry(POINTZ, 4326);
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```
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