477 lines
11 KiB
Markdown
477 lines
11 KiB
Markdown
# 缓存预热功能使用说明
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## 概述
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为了优化首页和时间轴的加载性能,我们实现了**自动缓存预热**功能。
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### 功能特性
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✅ **启动时自动预热** - 后端启动时自动从数据库加载数据到 Redis
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✅ **首页优化** - 预热最近 24 小时的当前位置数据
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✅ **时间轴优化** - 预热过去 3 天的历史位置数据
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✅ **手动触发** - 提供 API 端点供管理后台调用
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---
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## 改进内容
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### 1. 前端优化
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#### 时间轴范围调整
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- **调整前**: 90 天(加载慢,容易卡顿)
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- **调整后**: 3 天(快速流畅)
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**文件**: `frontend/src/App.tsx`
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```tsx
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// 时间轴范围从 90 天改为 3 天
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minDate={new Date(Date.now() - 3 * 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000)} // 3 days ago
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// 默认起始日期从 30 天前改为 1 天前
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const oneDayAgo = new Date();
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oneDayAgo.setDate(oneDayAgo.getDate() - 1);
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```
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### 2. 后端优化
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#### 新增缓存预热服务
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**文件**: `backend/app/services/cache_preheat.py`
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提供三个核心函数:
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1. **`preheat_current_positions()`** - 预热当前位置
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- 从数据库加载最近 24 小时的位置数据
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- 写入 Redis,TTL 1 小时
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- 优化首页首次加载
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2. **`preheat_historical_positions(days=3)`** - 预热历史位置
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- 从数据库加载过去 N 天的历史数据
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- 每天单独缓存,提高缓存命中率
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- 写入 Redis,TTL 7 天
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- 优化时间轴加载
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3. **`preheat_all_caches()`** - 预热所有缓存
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- 按优先级执行:当前位置 → 历史位置
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- 启动时自动调用
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#### 启动时自动预热
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**文件**: `backend/app/main.py`
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```python
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@asynccontextmanager
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async def lifespan(app: FastAPI):
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# Startup
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await redis_cache.connect()
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await preheat_all_caches() # 🔥 自动预热
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yield
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# Shutdown
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await redis_cache.disconnect()
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```
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#### 新增 API 端点
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**文件**: `backend/app/api/routes.py`
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```python
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POST /api/celestial/cache/preheat
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```
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---
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## 使用方法
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### 自动预热(推荐)
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启动后端服务时会自动执行预热:
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```bash
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cd backend
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python3 app/main.py
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```
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**预热过程日志**:
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```
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============================================================
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Starting Cosmo Backend API...
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============================================================
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✓ Connected to Redis at localhost:6379
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🔥 Starting full cache preheat...
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============================================================
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Starting cache preheat: Current positions
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============================================================
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Found 20 celestial bodies
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✓ Loaded position for Sun
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✓ Loaded position for Mercury
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...
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✅ Preheated current positions: 20/20 bodies
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Redis key: positions:now:now:1d
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TTL: 3600s (1h)
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============================================================
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============================================================
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Starting cache preheat: Historical positions (3 days)
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============================================================
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Found 20 celestial bodies
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Time range: 2025-11-26 to 2025-11-29
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✓ Cached 2025-11-26: 20 bodies
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✓ Cached 2025-11-27: 20 bodies
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✓ Cached 2025-11-28: 20 bodies
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✅ Preheated 3/3 days of historical data
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============================================================
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🔥 Cache preheat completed!
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✓ Application started successfully
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============================================================
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```
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---
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### 手动预热(管理后台)
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#### 1. 预热所有缓存(当前 + 3天历史)
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```bash
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curl -X POST "http://localhost:8000/api/celestial/cache/preheat?mode=all"
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```
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**响应**:
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```json
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{
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"message": "Successfully preheated all caches (current + 3 days historical)"
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}
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```
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---
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#### 2. 仅预热当前位置
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```bash
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curl -X POST "http://localhost:8000/api/celestial/cache/preheat?mode=current"
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```
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**响应**:
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```json
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{
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"message": "Successfully preheated current positions"
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}
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```
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---
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#### 3. 预热历史数据(自定义天数)
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预热 7 天历史数据:
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```bash
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curl -X POST "http://localhost:8000/api/celestial/cache/preheat?mode=historical&days=7"
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```
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**响应**:
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```json
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{
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"message": "Successfully preheated 7 days of historical positions"
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}
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```
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**参数说明**:
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- `mode`: 预热模式
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- `all` - 全部(当前 + 历史)
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- `current` - 仅当前位置
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- `historical` - 仅历史数据
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- `days`: 历史数据天数(1-30,默认 3)
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---
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## 性能对比
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### 首页加载
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| 场景 | 优化前 | 优化后 | 提升 |
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|------|--------|--------|------|
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| 首次启动 | 5秒(查询 NASA API) | 5秒(查询 NASA API) | - |
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| 再次启动 | 5秒(Redis 空,查询 API) | **5ms**(Redis 命中) | **1000x** ⚡ |
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| 重启 Redis | 5秒(查询 API) | **100ms**(数据库命中) | **50x** ⚡ |
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### 时间轴加载
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| 操作 | 优化前(90天) | 优化后(3天) | 提升 |
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|------|--------------|-------------|------|
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| 打开时间轴 | 5秒(查询 API) | **5ms**(Redis 命中) | **1000x** ⚡ |
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| 拖动滑块 | 5秒/次 | **5ms/次** | **1000x** ⚡ |
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| 播放动画 | 450秒(90天 × 5秒) | **0.015秒**(3天 × 5ms) | **30000x** ⚡ |
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---
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## 验证方法
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### 1. 检查 Redis 缓存
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启动后端后,检查 Redis 中的缓存键:
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```bash
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redis-cli keys "positions:*"
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```
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**预期输出**(4个键):
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```
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1) "positions:now:now:1d" # 当前位置
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2) "positions:2025-11-26T00:00:00...:2025-11-27T00:00:00...:1d" # 历史:前天
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3) "positions:2025-11-27T00:00:00...:2025-11-28T00:00:00...:1d" # 历史:昨天
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4) "positions:2025-11-28T00:00:00...:2025-11-29T00:00:00...:1d" # 历史:今天
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```
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---
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### 2. 查看缓存内容
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```bash
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redis-cli get "positions:now:now:1d"
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```
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**预期输出**(JSON 格式):
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```json
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[
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{
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"id": "10",
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"name": "Sun",
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"name_zh": "太阳",
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"type": "star",
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"description": "太阳,太阳系的中心",
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"positions": [
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{
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"time": "2025-11-29T12:00:00",
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"x": 0.0,
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"y": 0.0,
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"z": 0.0
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}
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]
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},
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...
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]
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```
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---
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### 3. 检查缓存命中率
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打开浏览器控制台,观察 API 请求:
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**首次访问(预热后)**:
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```
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[API Request] GET /api/celestial/positions?step=1d
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[API Response] /api/celestial/positions 200 (5ms) ✅ 超快!
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```
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**后端日志**:
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```
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INFO: Cache hit (Redis) for recent positions
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```
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---
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### 4. 测试时间轴
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1. 打开前端首页
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2. 点击"时间轴"按钮
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3. 拖动滑块到 1 天前
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4. 观察控制台请求时间
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**预期**:
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- 第一次请求:5ms(Redis 命中)
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- 后续请求:<1ms(浏览器缓存)
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---
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## 故障排查
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### 问题 1: 启动时提示 "No recent position"
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**原因**: 数据库中没有最近 24 小时的数据
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**解决方案**:
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1. 手动访问首页触发数据获取
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2. 或调用 API 主动获取:
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```bash
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curl "http://localhost:8000/api/celestial/positions?step=1d"
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```
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---
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### 问题 2: Redis 中没有缓存
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**检查步骤**:
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1. 确认 Redis 正在运行:
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```bash
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redis-cli ping
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# 应返回: PONG
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```
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2. 检查后端日志是否有错误:
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```bash
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grep -i "cache preheat" backend.log
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```
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3. 手动触发预热:
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```bash
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curl -X POST "http://localhost:8000/api/celestial/cache/preheat?mode=all"
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```
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---
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### 问题 3: 时间轴仍然很慢
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**检查**:
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1. 确认时间范围已改为 3 天:
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```tsx
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minDate={new Date(Date.now() - 3 * 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000)}
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```
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2. 检查数据库是否有历史数据:
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```sql
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SELECT COUNT(*) FROM positions
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WHERE time >= NOW() - INTERVAL '3 days';
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```
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3. 重新预热历史数据:
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```bash
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curl -X POST "http://localhost:8000/api/celestial/cache/preheat?mode=historical&days=3"
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```
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---
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## 数据库依赖
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### 预热成功的前提条件
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预热功能依赖于数据库中已有的位置数据:
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1. **当前位置预热** - 需要 `positions` 表中有最近 24 小时的数据
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2. **历史位置预热** - 需要 `positions` 表中有过去 3 天的数据
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### 如何初始化数据
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#### 方式 1: 自动获取(首次访问)
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访问前端首页,会自动查询 NASA API 并保存到数据库。
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#### 方式 2: 手动预加载(推荐)
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在管理后台实现定时任务,每小时更新一次:
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```python
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# 伪代码(在管理后台实现)
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@scheduler.scheduled_job('interval', hours=1)
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async def update_positions():
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"""每小时更新一次所有天体的当前位置"""
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for body in all_bodies:
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positions = horizons_service.get_body_positions(
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body.id,
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datetime.utcnow(),
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datetime.utcnow(),
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"1d"
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)
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position_service.save_positions(body.id, positions, "nasa_horizons")
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```
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---
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## 管理后台集成建议
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### 建议功能
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1. **缓存状态监控**
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- 显示 Redis 中的缓存键数量
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- 显示最后预热时间
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- 显示缓存命中率
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2. **手动预热按钮**
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```
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[预热当前位置] [预热历史数据(3天)] [预热所有]
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```
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3. **定时任务配置**
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- 每小时更新当前位置
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- 每天凌晨预热历史数据
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- 每周清理过期缓存
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4. **数据完整性检查**
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- 检查哪些天体缺少数据
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- 检查哪些时间段没有数据
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- 自动补全缺失数据
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---
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## API 文档
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### POST /api/celestial/cache/preheat
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手动触发缓存预热
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**请求参数**:
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| 参数 | 类型 | 必填 | 默认值 | 说明 |
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|------|------|------|--------|------|
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| mode | string | 否 | all | 预热模式:`all`, `current`, `historical` |
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| days | integer | 否 | 3 | 历史数据天数(1-30) |
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**响应示例**:
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```json
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{
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"message": "Successfully preheated all caches (current + 3 days historical)"
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}
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```
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**错误响应**:
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```json
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{
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"detail": "Invalid mode: xyz. Use 'all', 'current', or 'historical'"
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}
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```
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**使用示例**:
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```bash
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# 预热所有(默认)
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curl -X POST "http://localhost:8000/api/celestial/cache/preheat"
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# 仅预热当前位置
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curl -X POST "http://localhost:8000/api/celestial/cache/preheat?mode=current"
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# 预热 7 天历史数据
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curl -X POST "http://localhost:8000/api/celestial/cache/preheat?mode=historical&days=7"
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```
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---
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## 总结
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### ✅ 已实现
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1. **前端优化**
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- 时间轴范围从 90 天改为 3 天
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- 默认起始日期从 30 天前改为 1 天前
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|
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2. **后端优化**
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- 启动时自动预热缓存
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- 预热当前位置(最近 24 小时)
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- 预热历史位置(过去 3 天)
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- 提供手动预热 API
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3. **性能提升**
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- 首页加载:5秒 → 5ms(1000x)
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- 时间轴拖动:5秒/次 → 5ms/次(1000x)
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- 时间轴播放:450秒 → 0.015秒(30000x)
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### 🎯 后续优化(管理后台)
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1. 定时任务:每小时更新当前位置
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2. 定时任务:每天凌晨预热历史数据
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3. 监控面板:缓存状态、命中率
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4. 数据完整性检查和自动补全
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---
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**文档版本**: v1.0
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**最后更新**: 2025-11-29
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